中國儲(chǔ)能網(wǎng)訊：在當(dāng)前儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)(ESS)時(shí)代的初期,需要著重強(qiáng)調(diào)市場(chǎng)和監(jiān)管認(rèn)可度。行業(yè)關(guān)注著每一個(gè)微小的進(jìn)步和項(xiàng)目，從單個(gè)500KWh系統(tǒng)到華爾街和監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)僅僅認(rèn)識(shí)到ESS具有可以減緩電網(wǎng)投資和保護(hù)電網(wǎng)的獨(dú)特屬性?，F(xiàn)在，隨著ESS部署的激增,儲(chǔ)能正從需要被接受的早期階段轉(zhuǎn)向需要被持續(xù)優(yōu)化的新階段。
In the early days of the modern energy storage system, or ESS, era, there was a heavy emphasis on market and regulatory acceptance. The industry celebrated every advancement and project, from a single 500-kWh system to the mere acknowledgment by Wall Street and regulators that ESS had unique properties that could benefit the electricity grid. Energy storage is now moving from this early stage of needing to be accepted to needing to be optimized as ESS deployments proliferate.
隨著這一轉(zhuǎn)變,反思儲(chǔ)能行業(yè)在2024年需要克服的挑戰(zhàn)，這包括明年儲(chǔ)能將集中解決的三個(gè)問題。
With this shift comes reflection upon the challenges the storage industry needs to overcome in 2024. These comprise three issues that will be front and center for energy storage in the coming year.
基于逆變器資源的可用性設(shè)定儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的容量及可用性（Availability）
Accurately determining availability of inverter-based resources
與涉及旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的歷史發(fā)電不同,后者需要花很長時(shí)間來調(diào)整生產(chǎn),因?yàn)榇笮蜏u輪機(jī)可以通過減速或加速調(diào)整；但是,ESS系統(tǒng)可以立即提供電力。然而,這同樣獨(dú)特的響應(yīng)性也意味著電力可以立即從電網(wǎng)消失。出于可靠性和市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作原因,ESS必須開發(fā)透明和準(zhǔn)確的可用性測(cè)量。
Unlike historical generation involving rotating machinery, which takes a long time to adjust production as massive turbines are slowed or accelerated, ESS systems can instantly provide power. However, this same unique responsiveness also means that power can instantly disappear from the grid. For reliability and market operation reasons, ESS must develop transparent and accurate measures of availability.
可用性是ESS系統(tǒng)一直在運(yùn)行的時(shí)間百分比。從更廣泛的意義上說,必須根據(jù)其與電網(wǎng)的連接點(diǎn)(如市場(chǎng)、互聯(lián)節(jié)點(diǎn)或州級(jí))開發(fā)ESS隊(duì)列的可用性測(cè)量。這樣做將通過為ESS運(yùn)營提供現(xiàn)實(shí)場(chǎng)景來推進(jìn)電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃,因?yàn)閮?chǔ)能占發(fā)電資產(chǎn)組合的比重越來越高。
Availability is the percentage of time that the ESS system has been operating. Viewed more broadly, measures of ESS availability must be developed for ESS fleets in a meaningful way depending on where they connect with the grid, such as at the market, interconnection node, or state level. Doing so will advance grid planning by providing realistic scenarios for ESS operations as storage becomes a higher percentage of the power asset mix.
然而,ESS也可以運(yùn)行但不提供全部功率或能量。逆變器故障、弱電池或模塊以及不平衡的模塊和串聯(lián)常被報(bào)告為ESS儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)不提供完全標(biāo)稱功率或標(biāo)稱能量的因素。必要的額外指標(biāo)如“指定可用性”,其中在時(shí)間段內(nèi)的功率輸出除以標(biāo)稱輸出,可以識(shí)別運(yùn)營問題、維持電網(wǎng)可靠性和執(zhí)行準(zhǔn)確的電力市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作。
However, ESS can also be operating but not providing its full power or energy. Issues such as inverter faults, weak cells or modules, and imbalanced modules and strings have been commonly reported as factors in an ESS not providing full nominal power for a contracted or specified time or not providing full nominal energy. Additional metrics such as “specified availability,” where power output divided by nominal output is tracked in time periods, is necessary to identify operational problems, maintain grid reliability and perform accurate electricity market operations.
最大化儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)質(zhì)保和保險(xiǎn)的細(xì)分場(chǎng)景
Maximizing warranty and insurance granularity
在ESS儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)開發(fā)中,必須盡可能減少資本投資成本的不確定性。減少這種不確定性的兩個(gè)策略是開發(fā)項(xiàng)目特定的質(zhì)保條件和項(xiàng)目特定的財(cái)產(chǎn)和意外保險(xiǎn)條件,這些都基于所使用的組件、充放電行為和環(huán)境條件。
The uncertainty of capital costs in ESS development must be minimized wherever possible. Two strategies that contribute to reducing this uncertainty are the development of project-specific warranty terms and project-specific property and casualty insurance terms, based upon the components used, charge and discharge behavior, and environmental conditions.
目前,大多數(shù)關(guān)于ESS儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)使用壽命的保修依賴于合同簽訂的質(zhì)保協(xié)議,或者電池系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行有多少在通過溫度約束、C率、放電深度和靜置周期形成的操作窗口內(nèi)完成。但是,每個(gè)ESS儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)都在特定的環(huán)境條件下運(yùn)行,并采取和當(dāng)?shù)仉娏κ袌?chǎng)機(jī)會(huì)相關(guān)的獨(dú)特充放電策略。此外,這些條件和配置文件會(huì)隨時(shí)間而改變?；贓SS項(xiàng)目的獨(dú)特環(huán)境、市場(chǎng)和使用因素的動(dòng)態(tài)質(zhì)保曲線可以通過前期的監(jiān)測(cè)和模擬實(shí)現(xiàn),有助于為項(xiàng)目供應(yīng)鏈中的所有利益相關(guān)者進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)考慮。
Currently, most warranties on ESS systems regarding end of life are dependent upon adherence to warranty-relevant cycles, or how much of an operation of a battery system was done within the window of operation formed through temperature constraints, C-rates, depth of discharge and rest periods. However, each ESS operates under specific environmental conditions and unique charge and discharge profiles related to use cases and/or market opportunities. Moreover, these conditions and profiles can change with time. Dynamic warranty curves that are based on the unique environmental, market and usage factors of an ESS project can be enabled with monitoring, facilitating appropriate risk consideration for all stakeholders in a project’s supply chain.
目前,ESS安裝的財(cái)產(chǎn)和意外保險(xiǎn)是在技術(shù)類別、安裝實(shí)踐和環(huán)境的基礎(chǔ)上統(tǒng)一構(gòu)建的。這種做法類似于提供汽車保險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)品而不考慮司機(jī)、位置以及汽車的成本和設(shè)備屬性。隨著ESS行業(yè)的繼續(xù)成熟,更細(xì)致地考慮風(fēng)險(xiǎn),包括所使用電池類型、已有安全保護(hù)措施、物理位置背景、運(yùn)營程序和可用應(yīng)急響應(yīng)資產(chǎn)等因素,將引導(dǎo)保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人提供更具競爭力的保險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)品,項(xiàng)目開發(fā)商和集成商也可以更準(zhǔn)確地確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
Property and casualty insurance for ESS installations is currently structured uniformly across technology classes, installation practices and environments. This practice is analogous to offering one insurance product for cars without considering the driver, the location and the cost and equipment attributes of the vehicle. As the ESS industry continues to mature, more granular consideration of risk including the factors of battery type used, safety protections in place, physical location context, operational procedures and available emergency response assets, will lead to more competitive insurance products from brokers and more accurate determinations of risk from project developers and integrators.
增加儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)真實(shí)并可感知的安全性
Increasing real and perceived safety
在電池ESS中,熱失控事件源自直流儲(chǔ)能區(qū),但可歸因于電池或模塊本身、溫控系統(tǒng)(例如逆變器、空調(diào)、機(jī)柜等)、通信和控制系統(tǒng),或者外部因素(例如環(huán)境條件、物理影響等)。除了特定組件或問題位置之外,每起事故都是由設(shè)計(jì)、制造、運(yùn)營或集成和施工過程中的一個(gè)或多個(gè)根本原因造成的。近年來在推進(jìn)ESS及其組件的設(shè)計(jì)和制造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的法規(guī)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方面取得了巨大進(jìn)展。然而,行業(yè)也應(yīng)更多關(guān)注ESS運(yùn)營安全以及集成和施工。
In battery ESS, thermal runaway incidents emanate from the DC storage block, but can be attributed to the cells or modules themselves, the balance of plant systems (e.g., inverter, HVAC, enclosure, etc.), the communications and control systems, or external factors (e.g., environmental conditions, physical impact, etc.). In addition to a component-specific or location of problem, each incident is due to one or more root causes in the processes of design, manufacture, operation, or integration and construction. Tremendous progress has been made in recent years to advance codes and standards, which govern large portions of design and manufacturing standards of ESS and ESS components. However, more attention should be given to ESS operational safety, as well as integration and construction.
運(yùn)營實(shí)踐和建設(shè)中常見的問題經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致直流儲(chǔ)能區(qū)出現(xiàn)預(yù)警信號(hào)。從項(xiàng)目調(diào)試到產(chǎn)品報(bào)廢的持續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)是檢測(cè)這些信號(hào)的關(guān)鍵。除了解決ESS的固有安全性,還必須向管轄機(jī)構(gòu)、應(yīng)急響應(yīng)人員、監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)和公眾傳達(dá)電池系統(tǒng)的更多認(rèn)識(shí),以減少恐懼、不確定性和懷疑。
Problematic behavior as a result of operational practices and construction frequently leads to the DC storage block exhibiting early warning signs. Continuous monitoring from commissioning through end-of-life is one key to detecting these signals. In addition to addressing the intrinsic safety of ESS, greater awareness of what battery systems are and how they operate must be conveyed to authorities having jurisdiction, emergency responders, regulators and the general public to reduce fear, uncertainty and doubt.
ESS的重要性值得重新審視。電網(wǎng)是少數(shù)幾個(gè)沒有存儲(chǔ)功能的供應(yīng)鏈之一。在儲(chǔ)能之前,電力需要在生成的同時(shí)被消耗。有了ESS儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng),負(fù)載和發(fā)電可以一定程度解耦,從而更好地利用可再生資源,并通過頻率響應(yīng)等輔助服務(wù)提供技術(shù)和市場(chǎng)功能帶來額外收益。迄今為止,從技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)角度看,試驗(yàn)、試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目和最終的部署已經(jīng)使我們達(dá)到了行業(yè)普遍采用ESS的地步。
It is worth revisiting the importance of ESS. Electric grids are one of the few supply chains that do not have a warehousing function. Prior to energy storage, electricity needed to be consumed at the same time it was generated. With ESS, load and generation can be decoupled, leading to greater utilization of renewable resources with the additional benefits of providing technical and market functions through ancillary services like frequency response. The experimentation, then pilot projects, and finally fleet deployments to date have brought us to the point of common adoption of ESS from a technological and economic perspective.
ESS已經(jīng)被接受并進(jìn)入主流。當(dāng)我們進(jìn)入2024年并展望未來時(shí),可以通過關(guān)注可用性的透明度、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的細(xì)致考量以及運(yùn)營、建設(shè)和集成安全性的改進(jìn)來最小化ESS項(xiàng)目開發(fā)的變更優(yōu)化并加速部署。
ESS has been accepted and is now mainstream. As we enter 2024 and look beyond, friction in ESS project development can be minimized and deployment can be accelerated through focus on transparency in availability, granular consideration of risk, and operational and construction and integration safety improvements.
